Data center
cooling systems.

Precision air conditioning Liquid cooling

01 / Precision air conditioning

Temperature and airflow.
Matched to the room.

DC inverter compressors, EC fans and electronic expansion valves provide variable cooling output. Choose small-room, medium and large-room or in-row equipment, with the outdoor unit matched to site conditions.

6 equipment families / FSA, FMA, FRA, FCV, CAVR and FCM

FSA1008F/D · FSA1013F/D · FSA1020F/D

Small-room Precision Air Conditioner

The product uses a full DC inverter compressor, indoor EC speed-regulating fan, electronic expansion valve and condenser fan speed regulation to provide stepless cooling-capacity adjustment and 30% energy saving.

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Features & technical specifications4 specification tables

Product features

DC inverter compressor, indoor EC variable-speed fan, electronic expansion valve and variable-speed condenser fan provide stepless cooling capacity control and 30% energy savings.
Intelligent controls adjust fan speed to cooling demand, substantially reducing fan energy consumption.
Cooling/heating and constant-temperature-and-humidity configurations meet different application requirements.
Front top discharge, ducted top discharge and underfloor discharge support different airflow arrangements.
Components from established brands provide high reliability, a design life exceeding ten years and low maintenance costs.
A 4.3-inch touchscreen and multiple temperature and pressure sensors display unit operating status for operation and maintenance.
High airflow and a small enthalpy difference meet equipment-room requirements for a high sensible heat ratio.
Uses R410A refrigerant.
Automatically restarts after power restoration and resumes the operating state used before the outage.
Standard RS485 communication interface; a communication protocol can be supplied.
Extensive self-diagnostics, alarms and protection functions support safe, reliable operation.

Indoor unit specifications
Parameter	FSA1008F/D (220V)	FSA1008F/D (380V)	FSA1013F/D	FSA1020F/D
Cooling capacity (kW)	7.8	7.8	13.2	20.8
Sensible cooling capacity (kW)	7.5	7.5	12.6	20
Airflow (m³/h)	2800	2800	3200	7050
Compressor	DC inverter	DC inverter	DC inverter	DC inverter
Expansion device	Electronic expansion valve	Electronic expansion valve	Electronic expansion valve	Electronic expansion valve
Evaporator tubing	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube
Fan quantity	1	1	1	1
External static pressure (Pa)	0～150Pa	0～150Pa	0～150Pa	0～150Pa
Fan type	EC fan	EC fan	EC fan	EC fan
Optional PTC electric heating capacity (kW)	3	3	3	3
Optional wet-film humidification capacity (kg/h)	3	3	3	3
Main power supply	220V~/50Hz/1N	380V~/50Hz/3N	380V~/50Hz/3N	380V~/50Hz/3N
Maximum distribution current (A)	30	12	16	23
Recommended circuit breaker	D32	D16	D25	D32
Main power input cable	3×6	5×4	5×6	5×6
Refrigerant	R410A	R410A	R410A	R410A

Indoor/outdoor connecting pipes and cables
Parameter	FSA1008F/D (220V)	FSA1008F/D (380V)	FSA1013F/D	FSA1020F/D
Liquid pipe diameter (mm)	φ9.52	φ9.52	φ9.52	φ12.7
Gas pipe diameter (mm)	φ12.7	φ12.7	φ12.7	φ16
Humidifier water inlet connection (mm)	G1/2"	G1/2"	G1/2"	G1/2"
Condensate drain pipe diameter (mm)	25	25	25	25
Indoor/outdoor connecting cable	3×1.5	3×1.5	3×1.5	4×1.5

Indoor/outdoor dimensions and gross weight
Parameter	FSA1008F/D (220V)	FSA1008F/D (380V)	FSA1013F/D	FSA1020F/D
Indoor dimensions, W × D × H (mm)	660×555×1740	660×555×1740	660×555×1740	750×730×1900
Outdoor dimensions, W × D × H (mm)	960×390×810	960×390×810	960×390×1260	1070×990×1220
Indoor gross weight (kg)	123	123	125	190
Outdoor gross weight (kg)	38	38	58	75

Outdoor unit specifications
Parameter	FSA1008F/D (220V)	FSA1008F/D (380V)	FSA1013F/D	FSA1020F/D
Outdoor unit quantity	1	1	1	1
Outdoor fan type	Axial fan	Axial fan	Axial fan	Axial fan
Condenser tubing	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube	Internally grooved copper tube

Applications

Small data centers · Telecommunications base stations · Small and medium computer rooms · Enterprise IT rooms · Rail transit · Equipment rooms · Substations · Laboratories

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, pp. 3–4

FMAXXXXU/D Series

Medium and Large-room Precision Air Conditioner

This series uses a full DC inverter compressor, indoor EC speed-regulating fan, electronic expansion valve and condenser fan speed regulation. It has a modular structure with 100% front maintenance and can be installed side-by-side or against a wall.

Discuss this product

Features & technical specifications16 specification tables

Product features

DC inverter compressor, indoor EC variable-speed fan, electronic expansion valve and variable-speed condenser fan provide stepless cooling capacity control and 30% energy savings.
Modular construction permits 100% front access for maintenance and easy replacement, with no side service clearance; units can be installed side by side against a wall.
Intelligent controls adjust fan speed to cooling demand, substantially reducing fan energy consumption.
Cooling/heating and constant-temperature-and-humidity configurations meet different application requirements.
Front top discharge, ducted top discharge and underfloor discharge support different airflow arrangements.
Components from established brands provide high reliability, a design life exceeding ten years and low maintenance costs.
A 7-inch touchscreen and multiple temperature and pressure sensors display unit operating status for operation and maintenance.
High airflow and a small enthalpy difference meet equipment-room requirements for a high sensible heat ratio.
Uses R410A refrigerant.
Automatically restarts after power restoration and resumes the operating state used before the outage.
Standard RS485 communication interface; a communication protocol can be supplied.
Extensive self-diagnostics, alarms and protection functions support safe, reliable operation.

Single-circuit — general specifications
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Unit type	Single-circuit	Single-circuit	Single-circuit	Single-circuit	Single-circuit	Single-circuit	Single-circuit
Main power supply	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz

Single-circuit — cooling performance
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Cooling capacity at 24°C / 50%RH (kW)	25.5	30.0	36.0	40.0	45.5	50.0	61.0
Sensible cooling capacity at 24°C / 50%RH (kW)	23.5	27.5	32.5	36.5	42.0	46.5	56.5
Cooling capacity at 35°C / 27%RH (kW)	31.2	37.0	45.5	48.4	55.0	60.5	74.0
Sensible cooling capacity at 35°C / 27%RH (kW)	31.2	37.0	45.5	48.4	55.0	60.5	74.0
Maximum operating current, FLA (A)	38.3	40.8	44.3	52.0	55.2	57.8	66.7
Compressor quantity	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Single-circuit — indoor fan performance
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Circulation airflow (m³/h)	8000	9000	10000	11000	12000	13500	16000
Fan quantity	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Single-circuit — electric heating
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Heating capacity (kW)	6	6	6	9	9	9	9

Single-circuit — humidifier performance
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Humidification capacity (kg/h)	5	5	5	5	5	8	8

Single-circuit — indoor pipe connections
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Liquid pipe connection (mm)	16	16	16	19	19	19	19
Gas pipe connection (mm)	19	19	19	22	22	22	22
Condensate connection (mm)	19	19	19	19	19	19	19
Humidifier water inlet (female connection)	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2

Single-circuit — indoor dimensions and weight
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Length (mm)	700	800	900	1000	1000	1000	1125
Depth (mm)	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Height (mm)	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000
Weight (kg)	260	305	325	350	360	380	410

Single-circuit — recommended circuit breakers and cables
Parameter	FMA1025U/D	FMA1030U/D	FMA1035U/D	FMA1040U/D	FMA1045U/D	FMA1050U/D	FMA1060U/D
Indoor circuit breaker (A)	4P-40A	4P-50A	4P-50A	4P-63A	4P-63A	4P-63A	4P-80A
Indoor cable specification (mm²)	36+24	310+26	310+26	316+210	316+210	316+210	316+210

Dual-circuit — general specifications
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Unit type	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit	Dual-circuit
Main power supply	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz	380V 3PH-50Hz

Dual-circuit — cooling performance
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Cooling capacity at 24°C / 50%RH (kW)	50.0	61.0	70.5	81.0	90.0	100.0	120.0
Sensible cooling capacity at 24°C / 50%RH (kW)	46.5	56.5	64.5	74.5	81.5	92.5	110.5
Cooling capacity at 35°C / 27%RH (kW)	60.5	74.0	90.5	96.0	111.0	120.5	145.0
Sensible cooling capacity at 35°C / 27%RH (kW)	60.5	74.0	90.5	96.0	111.0	120.5	145.0
Maximum operating current, FLA (A)	60.7	66.7	81.0	83.0	89.3	97.0	116.5
Compressor quantity	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

Dual-circuit — indoor fan performance
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Circulation airflow (m³/h)	13500	16000	18500	21500	23000	27500	32000
Fan quantity	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

Dual-circuit — electric heating
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Heating capacity (kW)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9

Dual-circuit — humidifier performance
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Humidification capacity (kg/h)	8	8	10	10	10	10	10

Dual-circuit — indoor pipe connections
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Liquid pipe connection (mm)	16	16	16	19	19	19	19
Gas pipe connection (mm)	19	19	19	22	22	22	22
Condensate connection (mm)	19	19	19	19	19	19	19
Humidifier water inlet (female connection)	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2	G1/2

Dual-circuit — indoor dimensions and weight
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Length (mm)	1350	1550	1750	1950	1950	1950	2250
Depth (mm)	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Height (mm)	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000
Weight (kg)	530	560	600	640	660	680	720

Dual-circuit — recommended circuit breakers and cables
Parameter	FMA2050U/D	FMA2060U/D	FMA2070U/D	FMA2080U/D	FMA2090U/D	FMA2100U/D	FMA2120U/D
Indoor circuit breaker (A)	4P-63A	4P-80A	4P-100A	4P-100A	4P-100A	4P-125A	4P-125A
Indoor cable specification (mm²)	316+210	316+210	316+210	316+210	316+210	325+216	325+216

Applications

Data centers (IDC) · Telecommunications equipment rooms · Medium and large computer rooms · UPS and battery rooms · Industrial control rooms · Power distribution rooms · Transformer rooms · Precision equipment workplaces

Reference conditions & selection notes

Standard conditions: indoor return air dry-bulb temperature 24°C, wet-bulb temperature 17°C and relative humidity 50%; external static pressure adjustable from 50 to 150Pa.
High return-air conditions: indoor return air dry-bulb temperature 35°C, wet-bulb temperature 21°C and relative humidity 27%; external static pressure adjustable from 50 to 150Pa.
Circulation airflow is at least the rated value and is adjustable.
Heating capacity can be selected to customer requirements.
Humidification capacity can be selected to customer requirements.

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, pp. 5–7

FRA1025F · FRA1035F · FRA1040F · FRA1050F · FRA1060F

Air-cooled In-row Precision Air Conditioner

The air-cooled in-row precision air conditioner uses a full DC inverter compressor, indoor EC fan, electronic expansion valve and condenser fan speed regulation. Cooling is positioned close to the heat source and can be used with hot and cold aisle containment to reduce airflow cooling loss.

Discuss this product

Features & technical specifications8 specification tables

Product features

DC inverter compressor, indoor EC variable-speed fan, electronic expansion valve and variable-speed condenser fan provide stepless cooling capacity control and 30% energy savings.
Cooling close to the heat source, combined with hot/cold aisle containment, reduces airflow cooling losses and improves air delivery and cooling efficiency.
Multiple fans operate at their optimum efficiency points and provide redundancy.
Intelligent controls adjust fan speed to cooling demand, substantially reducing fan energy consumption.
Cooling/heating and constant-temperature-and-humidity configurations meet different application requirements.
Components from established brands provide high reliability, a design life exceeding ten years and low maintenance costs.
A 7-inch touchscreen and multiple temperature and pressure sensors display unit operating status for operation and maintenance.
High airflow and a small enthalpy difference meet equipment-room requirements for a high sensible heat ratio.
Uses R410A refrigerant.
Automatically restarts after power restoration and resumes the operating state used before the outage.
Standard RS485 communication interface; a communication protocol can be supplied.
Extensive self-diagnostics, alarms and protection functions support safe, reliable operation.

General specifications
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Main power supply	380V 3Ph-50Hz	380V 3Ph-50Hz	380V 3Ph-50Hz	380V 3Ph-50Hz	380V 3Ph-50Hz

Cooling performance at 35°C dry-bulb / 27%RH
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Total cooling capacity (kW)	25.0	35.0	42.0	50.0	60.0
Sensible cooling capacity (kW)	25.0	35.0	42.0	50.0	60.0
Airflow (m³/h)	5000	8000	9800	10500	12500
Fan quantity	6	3	3	3	3
Compressor quantity	1	1	1	1	1

Electric heating
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Heating capacity (kW)	3	3	3	3	3

Humidifier performance
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Humidification capacity (kg/h)	3	3	3	3	3

Connecting pipe specifications
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Liquid pipe diameter (mm)	12.7	16	19	19	19
Gas pipe diameter (mm)	16	22	22	22	22
Humidifier water inlet (female thread)	G1/2"	G1/2"	G1/2"	G1/2"	G1/2"
Condensate pump drain inside diameter (mm)	10	10	10	10	10
Gravity drain inside diameter (mm)	19	19	19	19	19

Indoor/outdoor dimensions and weight
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Indoor dimensions, W × D × H (mm)	300×1200×2000/2200	600×1200×2000/2200	600×1200×2000/2200	600×1200×2000/2200	600×1200×2000/2200
Indoor weight (kg)	225	260	270	318	318
Outdoor dimensions, W × D × H (mm)	1370×990×1220	1565×1275×1275	1565×1275×1275	1565×1275×1300	2065×1275×1275
Outdoor weight (kg)	85	135	140	145	240

Maximum operating current
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Maximum operating current, FLA (A)	45	42	44	48	52

Recommended circuit breakers and cables
Parameter	FRA1025F	FRA1035F	FRA1040F	FRA1050F	FRA1060F
Circuit breaker, cooling only (A)	4P-32A	4P-32A	4P-32A	4P-32A	4P-32A
Cable specification, cooling only (mm²)	34+22.5	34+22.5	34+22.5	34+22.5	34+22.5
Circuit breaker, constant temperature and humidity (A)	4P-50A	4P-50A	4P-50A	4P-50A	4P-63A
Cable specification, constant temperature and humidity (mm²)	310+26	310+26	310+26	310+26	310+26

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Air-cooled standard conditions: indoor return air dry-bulb temperature 35°C, wet-bulb temperature 21°C (27%RH); outdoor ambient dry-bulb temperature 35°C; external static pressure adjustable from 10 to 75Pa.
An intelligent dual-cycle Refrigerant Pump system is optional.
Outdoor unit specifications are matched to outdoor ambient temperature; flat or centralized outdoor units can be selected to suit the available footprint.
Indoor unit depth can be customized to 1100mm or 1200mm.
Heating, humidification and upward condensate drainage are optional to customer requirements.

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, pp. 8–9

FCV042SA · FCV050SA · FCV070SA · FCV080SA · FCV085SA

Centralized Outdoor Unit

The centralized outdoor unit uses modular combinations to accurately meet different cooling-capacity requirements, with high flexibility and scalability.

Discuss this product

Features & technical specifications4 specification tables

Product features

Modular combinations accurately match different cooling capacity requirements, with high flexibility and scalability.
An integrated Refrigerant Pump free-cooling design is available, providing a highly integrated system and up to 60% footprint savings.
The compact base module accommodates access requirements and simplifies transportation and installation.
Fan motors require very little maintenance and suit a range of climatic conditions.

Centralized outdoor unit — specifications
Parameter	FCV042SA	FCV050SA	FCV070SA	FCV080SA	FCV085SA
Main power supply	220V 1ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz
Condenser heat-rejection capacity (kW)	44.5	53.0	71.5	79.5	86.0

Outdoor fan performance
Parameter	FCV042SA	FCV050SA	FCV070SA	FCV080SA	FCV085SA
Airflow (m³/h)	9500	16000	18800	20000	22000
Fan quantity	1	1	1	1	1
Noise, sound pressure level [dB(A)]	56	59	60	61	62

Dimensions and weight
Parameter	FCV042SA	FCV050SA	FCV070SA	FCV080SA	FCV085SA
Length (mm)	880	1160	1160	1160	1160
Depth (mm)	980	1225	1225	1225	1225
Height (mm)	1440	1700	2020	2020	2020
Weight (kg)	150	208	225	225	240

Recommended circuit breakers and cables
Parameter	FCV042SA	FCV050SA	FCV070SA	FCV080SA	FCV085SA
Circuit breaker (A)	1P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A
Cable specifications (mm²)	3*1.5	41.5; 20.5	41.5; 20.5	41.5; 20.5	41.5; 20.5

Reference conditions & selection notes

Condenser heat-rejection capacity is determined at an outdoor ambient temperature of 35°C and a condensing-to-ambient temperature difference of 15°C.
Airflow is at least the rated value and is adjustable.
Noise values are sound pressure levels measured at rated voltage and rated power using the method specified in JB/T4330.

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, pp. 10–11

CAVR42AP · CAVR50AP · CAVR70AP · CAVR80EP · CAVR85EP

Integrated Refrigerant Pump Centralized Outdoor Unit

The integrated fluorine-pump centralized outdoor unit is presented in the product manual as a dedicated outdoor-unit series with integrated fluorine-pump natural cooling.

Discuss this product

Features & technical specifications4 specification tables

Product features

Modular combinations accurately match different cooling capacity requirements, with high flexibility and scalability.
An integrated Refrigerant Pump free-cooling design is available, providing a highly integrated system and up to 60% footprint savings.
The compact base module accommodates access requirements and simplifies transportation and installation.
Fan motors require very little maintenance and suit a range of climatic conditions.

Integrated Refrigerant Pump centralized outdoor unit — specifications
Parameter	CAVR42AP	CAVR50AP	CAVR70AP	CAVR80EP	CAVR85EP
Main power supply	220V 1ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz
Condenser heat-rejection capacity (kW)	44.5	53.0	71.5	79.5	86.0

Outdoor fan performance
Parameter	CAVR42AP	CAVR50AP	CAVR70AP	CAVR80EP	CAVR85EP
Airflow (m³/h)	9500	16000	18800	20000	22000
Fan quantity	1	1	1	1	1
Noise, sound pressure level [dB(A)]	56	59	60	61	62

Dimensions and weight
Parameter	CAVR42AP	CAVR50AP	CAVR70AP	CAVR80EP	CAVR85EP
Length (mm)	880	1160	1160	1160	1160
Depth (mm)	980	1225	1225	1225	1225
Height (mm)	1440	1700	2020	2020	2020
Weight (kg)	180	238	255	275	300

Recommended circuit breakers and cables
Parameter	CAVR42AP	CAVR50AP	CAVR70AP	CAVR80EP	CAVR85EP
Circuit breaker (A)	1P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A	3P-10A
Cable specifications (mm²)	31.5; 42.5; 2*0.5	41.5; 42.5; (2*0.5)X2	41.5; 42.5; (2*0.5)X2	41.5; 42.5; (2*0.5)X2	41.5; 42.5; (2*0.5)X2

Reference conditions & selection notes

Condenser heat-rejection capacity is determined at an outdoor ambient temperature of 35°C and a condensing-to-ambient temperature difference of 15°C.
Airflow is at least the rated value and is adjustable.
Noise values are sound pressure levels measured at rated voltage and rated power using the method specified in JB/T4330.

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, p. 12

FCM028SA · FCM038SA · FCM042SA · FCM056SA · FCM070SA · FCM084SA

Flat Outdoor Unit

The flat outdoor unit uses an ultra-thin design to save outdoor floor area and is available with an optional integrated fluorine-pump natural-cooling solution.

Discuss this product

Features & technical specifications3 specification tables

Product features

Stepless variable-speed inverter fan.
An integrated Refrigerant Pump free-cooling solution is optional.
An ultra-thin design saves outdoor installation space.
Fan motors require very little maintenance and suit a range of climatic conditions.

Flat outdoor unit specifications
Parameter	FCM028SA	FCM038SA	FCM042SA	FCM056SA	FCM070SA	FCM084SA
Main power supply	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz	380V 3ph 50Hz
Condenser heat-rejection capacity (kW)	28	38	54.0	62.0	70.0	84

Outdoor fan performance
Parameter	FCM028SA	FCM038SA	FCM042SA	FCM056SA	FCM070SA	FCM084SA
Airflow (m³/h)	8000	17000	17000	15000	20000	34000
Fan quantity	1	1	1	2	1	2
Noise, sound pressure level [dB(A)]	58	59	60	61	62	64

Dimensions (vertical discharge), weight and cables
Parameter	FCM028SA	FCM038SA	FCM042SA	FCM056SA	FCM070SA	FCM084SA
Length L (mm)	1070	1370	1565	1565	1565	2065
Depth W (mm)	990	990	1275	1275	1275	1275
Height H (mm)	1220	1220	1275	1275	1300	1275
Weight (kg)	76	85	135	140	145	240
Outdoor cable specification (mm²)	4*1.5	4*1.5	4*1.5	4*2.5	4*2.5	4*2.5

Reference conditions & selection notes

Condenser heat-rejection capacity is determined at an outdoor ambient temperature of 35°C and a condensing-to-ambient temperature difference of 15°C.
Airflow is at least the rated value and is adjustable.
Noise values are sound pressure levels measured at rated voltage and rated power using the method specified in JB/T4330.

Precision Air Conditioning Manual, pp. 13–14

02 / Liquid cooling solutions

A complete cooling chain.
Down to the cold plate.

Connect the cold source to the CDU, secondary pipework, manifolds and server cold plates. Distributed and centralized architectures support retrofit facilities, AI training clusters and high-density data centers.

01 / HEAT REJECTIONCold source

Cooling tower or dry cooler

02 / HEAT EXCHANGECDU

Temperature, flow and pressure control

03 / DISTRIBUTIONPipework & manifold

Primary and secondary circuits

04 / SERVER COOLINGCold plate

Connectors and hose assemblies

Air and liquid work together

In the reference cold-plate architecture, liquid removes 50–90% of server heat. Air cooling handles the remaining 10–50% through room cooling, an air wall or a liquid-cooled rear door. The split depends on the server design.

Define the server interface first

Confirm the inlet temperature range, flow, pressure drop, fluid compatibility and connector specification. These determine the CDU, cold source and distribution network.

Cooling capacity and PUE depend on architecture, ambient conditions and the IT load. Reference figures and operating conditions are listed with the relevant equipment.

CDUs, cabinets, components, cold sources, pipework and controls

CDU-300LL3S · CDU-600LL3S · CDU-300LL3D · CDU-600LL3D

Row-level CDU

The row-level CDU is a large centralized cooling unit installed side-by-side with server cabinets. It mainly consists of a cabinet, plate heat exchanger, secondary-side circulating water pump, constant-pressure liquid replenishment system, expansion tank, filters, valves, sensors, control system, display screen and power supply module. Through the plate heat exchanger, cooled liquid is sent to the heat source to absorb heat, and the heat-carrying liquid then re-enters the plate heat exchanger for heat exchange treatment, forming a circulating heat exchange process.

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Features & technical specifications1 specification table

Product features

Dual power supply backup
High-efficiency variable-frequency single pump or dual pump optional
Anti-condensation control
Optional 50μm ultra-fine filtration unit
Automatic liquid replenishment system
Online maintenance
Intelligent group control
Corrosion-resistant stainless steel piping
Intelligent monitoring system
Online water quality monitoring
10%–100% adjustable flow rate
Overpressure protection
Low energy consumption design
Leakage detection function
10-inch color display screen

CDU internal equipment arrangement and heat-exchange circuit.

Row-level CDU model specifications
MODEL	CDU-300LL3S	CDU-600LL3S	CDU-300LL3D	CDU-600LL3D
Rated heat exchange capacity (kW)	300	600	300	600
Unit rated flow rate (L/min)	470	860	470	860
Pump type	Single pump	Single pump	Dual pump	Dual pump
Primary supply/return water temperature (°C)	35/45	35/45	35/45	35/45
Primary working fluid	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution
Secondary supply/return water temperature (°C)	40/50	40/50	40/50	40/50
Secondary working fluid	PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution
Dimensions W × D × H (mm)	60012002200	60014002200	60012002200	90014002200
Power supply specifications	2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz	2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz	2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz	2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz
Dual power input (optional)	Mains / UPS / Diesel generator power supply	Mains / UPS / Diesel generator power supply	Mains / UPS / Diesel generator power supply	Mains / UPS / Diesel generator power supply
Storage environment temperature and humidity	-45 ~ 85℃; long-term 5%~85% non-condensing, short-term 5%~95% non-condensing	-45 ~ 85℃; long-term 5%~85% non-condensing, short-term 5%~95% non-condensing	-45 ~ 85℃; long-term 5%~85% non-condensing, short-term 5%~95% non-condensing	-45 ~ 85℃; long-term 5%~85% non-condensing, short-term 5%~95% non-condensing
Altitude	3000m (above 3000m, derated; for every 200m increase in altitude, ambient temperature rating decreases by 1.5℃)	3000m (above 3000m, derated; for every 200m increase in altitude, ambient temperature rating decreases by 1.5℃)	3000m (above 3000m, derated; for every 200m increase in altitude, ambient temperature rating decreases by 1.5℃)	3000m (above 3000m, derated; for every 200m increase in altitude, ambient temperature rating decreases by 1.5℃)

Applications

High-density data centers · Retrofit and new-build data centers · Intelligent computing centers · Large-scale computer rooms · AI training clusters · High-power industrial equipment cooling · Scientific research laboratories

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source states that the above ratings are based on pure water as the working medium. Confirm cooling capacity and fluid requirements with technical personnel; the matrix also lists glycol options.
Storage humidity values are non-condensing. Above 3000 m, the ambient temperature rating decreases by 1.5°C for each additional 200 m.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 1–2

CDU-900LF3S/D · CDU-1200LF3S/D · CDU-1800LF3S/D

Room-level CDU

Room-level CDU is a large centralized cooling unit installed separately in the air-conditioned room. It mainly consists of a cabinet, plate heat exchanger, secondary-side circulating water pump, constant-pressure liquid replenishment system, expansion tank, filters, valves, sensors, control system, display screen and power supply module. Through heat exchange via the plate heat exchanger, cooled liquid is sent to the heat source to absorb heat, and the heat-carrying liquid then re-enters the plate heat exchanger for heat exchange treatment, forming a circulating heat exchange process.

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Product features

Year-round free cooling capability, subject to the cold-source and operating conditions.
Redundant key components; anti-condensation; circulating-pump and valve self-holding; dual power supply with uninterrupted switching; liquid leakage detection.
Differential-pressure, flow-rate, cold-standby, hot-standby, standalone, group-control, local and remote modes; multiple units can network automatically for group management.
Supports mixed CPU and GPU cold-plate liquid cooling and optional standard functional modules.
Stepless regulation over a wide cooling-capacity and differential-pressure adjustment range.
Optional inlet/outlet pipe directions, filtration grades and communication protocols.
High-head, large-flow functionality suitable for large ring networks.
Internal layout for maintenance access and online automatic liquid replenishment.
Sanitary-grade piping with high-precision filtration.
RS485 serial and RJ45 Ethernet ports; Modbus, TCP and UDP protocols.

Room-level CDU model specifications
MODEL	CDU-900LF3S/D	CDU-1200LF3S/D	CDU-1800LF3S/D
Rated heat exchange capacity (kW)	900	1200	1800
Unit rated flow rate (L/min)	1330	1720	2400
Pump type	Single pump / Dual pump	Single pump / Dual pump	Single pump / Dual pump
Primary supply/return fluid temperature (°C)	35/45	35/45	35/45
Primary working fluid	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution
Secondary supply/return fluid temperature (°C)	40/50	40/50	40/50
Secondary working fluid	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution	Softened water, PG25 aqueous solution, EG25 aqueous solution
Dimensions W × D × H (mm)	950x1500x2200	1200x1800x2200	1200x2000x2200
Power supply specifications	Power supply: 2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz	Power supply: 2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz	Power supply: 2-way 3Ph AC380-415V 50Hz
Dual power input (optional)	Supported power sources: Mains / UPS / Diesel generator	Supported power sources: Mains / UPS / Diesel generator	Supported power sources: Mains / UPS / Diesel generator
Storage environment temperature and humidity	Storage environment temperature and humidity: -45~85℃; 5%~85% RH non-condensing (long-term), 5%~95% RH non-condensing (short-term)	Storage environment temperature and humidity: -45~85℃; 5%~85% RH non-condensing (long-term), 5%~95% RH non-condensing (short-term)	Storage environment temperature and humidity: -45~85℃; 5%~85% RH non-condensing (long-term), 5%~95% RH non-condensing (short-term)
Altitude	Altitude: 3000m (derated above 3000m; ambient temperature rating decreases by1.5℃ for every 200m increase in altitude)	Altitude: 3000m (derated above 3000m; ambient temperature rating decreases by1.5℃ for every 200m increase in altitude)	Altitude: 3000m (derated above 3000m; ambient temperature rating decreases by1.5℃ for every 200m increase in altitude)

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Verify ratings for the selected coolant and operating conditions. Storage humidity is non-condensing; altitude derating applies above 3000 m at 1.5°C per additional 200 m.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 3

Rack-mounted / liquid-to-liquid

Rack-mounted Liquid-to-Liquid CDU

The rack-mounted liquid-to-liquid CDU is a core liquid cooling device designed specifically for high power density cabinets in data centers. It consists of modules such as the heat dissipation module, pump drive module, voltage stabilization module, control module and power supply module. Through heat exchange via the plate heat exchanger, cooled liquid is sent to the heat source to absorb heat, and the heat-carrying liquid then re-enters the plate heat exchanger for heat exchange treatment.

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Product features

Standard 4U rack-mount chassis
All stainless steel piping
High-efficiency centrifugal pumps with automatic flow adjustment
Redundant pump drivers with 1+1 cold standby
Active anti-condensation function
7-inch LCD control screen
Built-in leakage detection and automatic liquid replenishment
Constant differential-pressure or constant-flow output
Integrated temperature, pressure, leakage and humidity monitoring
Dual power supply
Modbus RTU and TCP/IP support

Rack-mounted liquid-to-liquid configuration
Parameter	Source specification
Chassis	Standard 4U rack mount
Piping	All stainless steel
Pump	High-efficiency centrifugal; flow adapts to terminal-device quantity
Pump-driver redundancy	1+1 cold standby
Display	7-inch LCD
Automatic output control	Constant differential pressure or constant flow
Monitoring	Temperature, pressure, leakage, ambient temperature and humidity
Protection and make-up	Active anti-condensation, built-in leakage detection and automatic liquid replenishment
Power	Dual power supply
Communication	Modbus RTU and TCP/IP

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source does not unambiguously attach a model-specific rating matrix to this 4U product. The large CDU-900LF3S/D through CDU-1800LF3S/D table is preserved with the room-level CDU; slide 4 contains a separate, inconsistently labeled reference table.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 3 (rack-mounted liquid-to-liquid description)

Rack-mounted / air-to-liquid

Rack-mounted Air-to-Liquid CDU

The rack-mounted air-to-liquid CDU is a high-density liquid cooling server heat dissipation solution developed specifically for the data center industry, addressing the sensitivity of server CPU and GPU heat generation to ambient temperature. It consists of water pumps, heat exchangers, fans, filters, expansion tanks and control modules. The built-in circulating pump provides power for water circulation, carrying away heat from liquid-cooled servers, which is then dissipated into the environment by the fans.

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Product features

Standard 10U rack-mount chassis
All stainless steel piping
High-efficiency centrifugal pumps with automatic flow adjustment
Redundant pump drivers with 1+1 cold standby
Active anti-condensation function
4.3-inch LCD control screen
Built-in leakage detection and automatic liquid replenishment
Constant differential-pressure or constant-flow output
Integrated monitoring
Dual power supply
Modbus RTU and TCP/IP support

CDU-35LJ / CDU-80LJ / CDU-100LJ — source reference table
MODEL	CDU-35LJ	CDU-80LJ	CDU-100LJ
Heat exchange capacity (kW)	35	80	100
Primary supply/return fluid temperature (°C)	35/45	35/45	35/45
Primary working fluid	Softened water	Softened water	Softened water
Secondary supply/return fluid temperature (°C)	40/50	40/50	40/50
Secondary working fluid	PG25	PG25	PG25
Secondary side filtration precision	100μm	100μm	100μm
Primary side connection type	1.5" tri-clamp	1.5" tri-clamp	1.5" tri-clamp
Secondary side connection type	1.5" tri-clamp	1.5" tri-clamp	1.5" tri-clamp
Circulating pump quantity	Dual pumps	Dual pumps	Dual pumps
Dimensions W × L × H (mm)	481950171.5	481851174	481851174
Power supply specifications	220VAC	48VDC	48VDC

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Slide 4 labels the product Air-to-Liquid, but its CDU-35LJ / CDU-80LJ / CDU-100LJ reference table specifies both primary and secondary liquid circuits, while the description specifies fan heat rejection. These values are transcribed as reference data and are not verified air-to-liquid product ratings. Confirm the model, thermal interface and dimensions before selection.
The air-to-liquid description specifies a standard 10U chassis, a 4.3-inch LCD and fan heat rejection. These differ from the 171.5–174 mm heights in the reference table.
The source table labels dimensions W × L × H; that dimension order is retained. PG25 is retained as the source fluid designation.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 4

CDU-16AJ · CDU-120AL3SS61222

Cabinet-mounted Air-to-Liquid CDU

Cabinet-mounted Air-to-Liquid CDU is designed specifically for high heat density liquid-cooled server application scenarios. It requires no external cooling water supply or overhead cabling via raised floor systems. The overall cooling system layout is simple, with a short installation cycle and easy operation and maintenance. It is particularly suitable for retrofitting traditional air-cooled data centers and small high-performance computing centers.

How it works

The cabinet-mounted air-to-liquid CDU consists of rear fans, high-efficiency air-to-liquid heat exchangers, water pumps, controllers and pipeline components. Driven by the water pump, high-temperature working fluid from liquid-cooled servers undergoes convective heat exchange with cold air in the data room. After cooling, the fluid returns to the liquid-cooled servers to complete the heat exchange cycle.

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Product features

Single-cabinet heat exchange capacity up to 120 kW
Rapid deployment
Two high-performance water pumps
Integrated control system supporting mainstream communication protocols
N+1 high-efficiency hot-swappable fans
Total power consumption below 5% of heat load
Compatible with existing hot and cold aisle layouts

CDU-16AJ model specifications
MODEL	CDU-16AJ
Heat exchange capacity (kW)	16
Primary side inlet air temperature (°C)	25
Air volume (m³/h)	2700
Secondary side liquid supply temperature (°C)	40
Secondary side working fluid	PG25
Secondary side flow rate (L/min)	25
Secondary side filtration precision	100μm
Secondary side connection type	1.5" tri-clamp
Circulating pump quantity	Dual pumps
Dimensions W × D × H (mm)	482857443
Power supply specifications	220V/50Hz

CDU-120AL3SS61222 model specifications
MODEL	CDU-120AL3SS61222
Heat exchange capacity (kW)	120
Primary air inlet temperature (°C)	24
Airflow rate (m³/h)	15000
Secondary fluid inlet temperature (°C)	≤ 45
Secondary filtration precision (mesh)	100
Secondary interface size	DN50
Circulating pump quantity	2
Dimensions W × D × H (mm)	60012002200
Power supply specifications	380V/50Hz
Power consumption (kW)	<5

Reference conditions & selection notes

Both model tables appear on slide 5 with the cabinet-mounted air-to-liquid description. They are preserved separately; the source does not explicitly map every cabinet feature to both models.
Cooling capacity depends on working conditions. Confirm the selected working conditions and cooling medium with technical personnel.
CDU-16AJ filtration is 100 μm; CDU-120AL3SS61222 filtration is 100 mesh. These are different source units and are not interchangeable.
The 120 kW model lists <5 kW consumption; the description separately states total power below 5% of the heat load. These apply to the specified operating point, not every load.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 5

HD9000 Series

Liquid-cooled Cabinet

A liquid-cooled cabinet is a high-density server cabinet that replaces traditional air cooling with liquid cooling media. It mainly consists of the cabinet, manifold, power distribution system and internal equipment. As the carrier for liquid-cooled devices, each node device is connected to the liquid cooling system via hydraulic hoses to ensure effective heat dissipation.

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Product features

1.2–2.0 mm high-quality cold-rolled steel plates
Static load capacity over 1500 kg
Single U-layer board load capacity of at least 50 kg
Welded or assembled reinforced frame
Adjustable feet and universal casters
Quick-detachable side and rear doors
Upper cable routing and lower pipe routing
Dual power supply, leakage alarm and drip tray

HD9000 liquid-cooled cabinet model dimensions
Model	Width W (mm)	Depth L (mm)	Height H (mm)	Available space
HD9000-Y61220	600mm	1200mm	2000mm	42U
HD9000-Y61222	600mm	1200mm	2200mm	47U
HD9000-Y61420	600mm	1400mm	2000mm	42U
HD9000-Y61422	600mm	1400mm	2200mm	47U

System hand-off interfaces
Interface	Source-defined scope
1	Chilled-water source + liquid-cooling CDU + pipe network, provided with the complete liquid-cooled cabinet
2	Chilled-water source + liquid-cooling CDU + pipe network + distribution unit, with server quick connectors and hoses

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source describes water and fluorinated liquid as examples of cooling media. Actual fluid compatibility must be selected for the server, hoses, connectors and CDU.
Slide 28 shows a layout with liquid-cooled cabinets, CDUs and in-row air conditioners; the two interfaces define different equipment supply boundaries.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 6 and 28

MF-DS · MF-BS

Manifold

The manifold is a water distribution and collection header for server liquid cooling, connecting the CDU to the cold plates of rack-mounted servers. It is available in quick-disconnect and blind-mate versions. It can be integrated into or externally connected to the cabinet frame, with branch flow selected according to server heat dissipation requirements.

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Product features

304 stainless-steel main body, air vent and related components; EPDM hoses for corrosion resistance.
Pipeline design targets branch-flow non-uniformity below 10%.
Customized for server layout and multiple cabinet mounting methods.
In-cabinet installation operable by one person.
Server branch connectors use drip-free quick connections for installation and maintenance.
Deionized-water rinsing, high-temperature gas drying and transport under 1.5 bar gas pressure for cleanliness.

MF-DS / MF-BS model matrix
Model family	Square-section specification (source notation)	Branch configuration	Material	Connection	Applicable fluid
MF-DS*	30 × 30	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Quick-disconnect	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water
MF-DS*	40 × 40	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Quick-disconnect	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water
MF-DS*	50 × 50	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Quick-disconnect	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water
MF-BS*	30 × 30	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Blind-mate	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water
MF-BS*	40 × 40	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Blind-mate	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water
MF-BS*	50 × 50	Customizable; standard 16 inlet + 16 outlet	SUS304 / SUS316L	Blind-mate	Ethylene glycol solution, propylene glycol solution, deionized water

Distribution-unit engineering guidance
Parameter	Typical source guidance
Server types	Rack-mounted liquid-cooled servers and blade liquid-cooled servers
Internal pipework	Stainless steel; sanitary clamp connections
Installation	Integrated into or externally connected to the cabinet frame
Branch flow	1–4 L/min, based on server heat-dissipation requirements
Branch port diameter	Typically 3–6 mm, with matched quick connectors
Quick connector material	Typically stainless steel or aluminum
Example connector brands	Staubli, Parker, CPC
Air removal / drainage	Automatic air vent and drain
Branch regulation	No branch flow or temperature control
Typical fabrication	Constant-diameter stainless-steel square tubing
Typical branch count	20 branches, supporting 20 servers per cabinet
Distribution arrangement	Typically one unit per cabinet; single server inlet and outlet
Branch connections	External threads; end caps applied at factory; G1/8 common according to server interface
Mounting	Generally at cabinet rear door, separate from PDU
Typical outer dimension	Approximately 33 × 33 mm

Reference conditions & selection notes

Slide 7 places branch configuration under the printed Material column and material under Number of Branches; the table above uses labels matching the actual cell content. Its printed Working Pressure column contains fluid names; no numeric working pressure is supplied.
The slide 7 model series has standard 16-inlet/16-outlet configuration; slides 29–30 give separate typical engineering guidance of 20 branches. The typical guidance is not a rating for every MF model.
The 30 × 30 / 40 × 40 / 50 × 50 source table does not print a dimension unit. The 33 × 33 mm example comes from slide 30.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 6–7 and 29–30

Prefabricated Ring Distribution Piping

Liquid Cooling Ring Piping

The ring distribution piping is a modular prefabricated piping system consisting of ring-shaped supply and return main pipelines, branch pipelines connecting manifolds and CDUs, valves, automatic air vents, pipe supports, drip trays and water leakage detection systems. It connects to the secondary water circuit and allows branch flow to be controlled through valves.

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Product features

Factory-prefabricated engineering-free design
Transported under nitrogen pressure
Rapid on-site assembly
Ring-network redundancy with isolation valves
Hygienic-grade 304 stainless steel piping
Automatic high-point steam-water separation and exhaust
Low-point blowdown and emergency discharge ports
One-meter-level water-leak positioning and remote alarms

Ring-piping reference configuration
Component	Quantity	Specification
Ring-network main pipeline	1	9343 × 913 × DN125
Main-pipeline valves	38	DN125 butterfly valve
Ring-network branch pipeline	32	1.5 inch, L=1500
Branch-pipeline valves	32	1.5 inch butterfly valve
Primary-side pipeline	6	2.5 inch, L=2500
Primary-side pipeline valves	6	2.5 inch butterfly valve
Secondary-side pipeline	6	2.5 inch, L=1500
Secondary-side pipeline valves	6	1.5 inch butterfly valve
Liquid tray	1	9428 × 1020 × 40
Pipe supports	16	H=200
Water immersion sensor	1	Not specified
Water-leak detection cable	1	45 m

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source reference aisle contains 3 liquid-cooling CDUs, 7 chilled-water air conditioners, 16 liquid-cooled cabinets and 4 network cabinets. This bill of materials describes that layout, not a universal installation.
The source does not explicitly print units for every geometric value (9343 × 913, L=1500/2500, tray 9428 × 1020 × 40 and H=200). The values are retained without assigning unprinted units.
The source lists 2.5-inch secondary pipework with 1.5-inch secondary valves. This difference is retained for technical confirmation.
A positioning leak-detection cable at the lower ring-network area provides approximately 1 m positioning granularity. Alarms can upload to the environmental-monitoring system and platform.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 7

Active Type · Passive Type

Liquid-Cooled Door

Installed at the cabinet rear or front to enhance server airflow, the liquid-cooled door can combine with cold-plate cooling for a fully liquid-cooled cabinet. It is intended for high cabinet heat loads and equipment sensitive to ambient temperature. The active rear-door version comprises a heat exchanger, fan wall and sheet-metal components; the passive version comprises a heat exchanger and perforated door.

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Product features

Self-diagnosis and on-site diagnosis
Safety protection and leakage detection
HMI displaying alarm information
Standard quick couplings
Bottom casters for door movement and rapid deployment
Modular design for different data-center scales and layouts

Active and passive liquid-cooled door specifications
Parameter	Active Type	Passive Type
Power supply	AC220V	DC48V
Output Capacity	Cooling Capacity：20kW @AT=2.7℃, 130L/min	Cooling Capacity：10.1kW @AT=2.6℃, 55L/min
Water-side supply / return temperature	32/34.2℃	32/34.7℃
Air-side inlet / outlet temperature	45℃/34.7℃	40℃/34.6℃
Water Flow Rate	130L/min	55L/min
Airflow Rate	6300 m³/h	5950 m³/h
Liquid-Cooled Door Water-Side Pressure Drop	74.2KPa	43KPa
Power consumption	1.1kW	30W
Dimensions W × D × H	595×250×2250 mm	599.51502195mm
Net / operating weight	105kg/115kg	71.5kg/91.5kg
Compatible cabinet W × D × H	60012002250mm	600×1200×2200mm

Applications

High-density data centers · Edge computing nodes · Special industry scenarios · Legacy data center renovation scenarios

Reference conditions & selection notes

Capacity is stated at the individual source duty points: active 20 kW at AT=2.7°C and 130 L/min; passive 10.1 kW at AT=2.6°C and 55 L/min. The source does not define AT, so it is not relabeled as another temperature difference.
The water temperatures, airflow, pressure drops, power, dimensions and compatible cabinet dimensions are separate for active and passive versions.
Slide 20 shows cold plate + liquid-cooled rear door as an all-liquid architecture option. Compressor-free operation depends on cold-source conditions and permissible cabinet inlet-air temperature.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 8

UQD Series · UQDB Series

Quick Connectors

Quick connectors are connecting components between devices in liquid cooling circulation systems. They enable quick connection and disconnection, ensuring no leakage while reducing draining and filling operations. They can be freely plugged and unplugged under pressure.

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Product features

Push-to-connect, self-locking and blind-mate connector versions.
Sealing tests; double shut-off flat valves for high flow and reduced spillage.
Drip-free connection and disconnection, including under-pressure operation as described in the source.
Single-handed push-to-connect operation.
Designed according to OCP UQD specifications; the source also states compliance with OCP performance standards.
Multiple port sizes and end connections; ORB and BSPP male ends and barb female ends are described.

UQD plug and socket model matrix
Connector type	Model	Equivalent port size	Connection port	Shared material / pressure / fluid specification
UQD Plug	UQD02P-1SMG012N	DN03	G1/8 external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD02P-1SMU042N	DN03	7/16-20 UNF external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD04P-1SMG022N	DN05	G1/4 external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD04P-1SMU062N	DN05	9/16-18 UNF external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD06P-1SMG042N	DN07	G3/8 external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD06P-1SMU082N	DN07	3/4-16 UNF external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD08P-1SMU102N	DN10	7/8-14 UNF external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Plug	UQD08P-1SMG052N	DN10	G1/2 external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD02S-1SFU042N	DN03	7/16-20 UNF internal thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD02S-1SWP042N	DN03	Barb fitting for 1/4" ID hose	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD04S-1SFU062N	DN05	9/16-18 UNF internal thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD04S-1SWP062N	DN05	Barb fitting for 3/8" ID hose	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD06S-1SFU082N	DN07	3/4-16 UNF internal thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD06S-1SWP082N	DN07	Barb fitting for 1/2" ID hose	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD08S-1SMU102N	DN10	7/8-14 UNF external thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQD Socket	UQD08S-1SWP102N	DN10	Barb fitting for 5/8" ID hose	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid

UQDB plug and socket model matrix
Connector type	Model	Equivalent port size	Connection port	Shared material / pressure / fluid specification
UQDB Plug	UQDB02P-1SMU042N	DN03	7/16-20 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Plug	UQDB04P-1SMU062N	DN05	9/16-18 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Plug	UQDB06P-1SMU082N	DN07	3/4-16 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Plug	UQDB08P-1SMU102N	DN10	7/8-14 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Socket	UQDB02S-1SMU062N	DN03	9/16-18 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Socket	UQDB04S-1SMU082N	DN05	3/4-16 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Socket	UQDB06S-1SMU102N	DN07	7/8-14 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid
UQDB Socket	UQDB08S-1SMU122N	DN10	1 1/16-12 UNF External Thread	SUS316 body; EPDM seals; working pressure 2 MPa; deionized water, purified water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, fluorinated liquid

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source states OCP specification and performance compliance; no independent certification or test report is included in the presentation.
Model numbers, thread direction and exact thread sizes are retained individually, including UQD08S-1SMU102N external thread. Verify mating pairs, fluids and operating pressure before selection.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 9

006 Series

Hydraulic Hose Assembly

The hydraulic hose assembly is composed of crimped connectors and hydraulic hoses assembled through a specific process. It is used for flexible connections between liquid cooling manifolds and liquid-cooled servers, and between liquid cooling CDUs and manifolds. Crimped connectors can be threaded, flanged or custom elbow types.

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Product features

PTFE, EPDM and NBR hose materials optional
Self-sealing quick couplings, manually sealed ball valves and hose barbs optional
Female/female, male/male or mixed end configurations
Compatible with different cooling media
One-handed push-to-connect design
Red and blue inlet/outlet markings

006-series hose model matrix
Product code	Size	Inner diameter (mm)	Outer diameter (mm)	Working pressure (unit not stated)	Burst pressure (unit not stated)	Minimum bend radius (mm)	Unit weight (kg/m)	Fixed length (m)
006-10	3/8"	9.5	17.0	200	700	70	0.23	100
006-13	1/2"	12.7	21.0	200	700	100	0.32	100
006-16	5/8"	15.9	24.0	200	700	120	0.40	60
006-19	3/4"	19.0	28.0	200	700	150	0.48	60
006-25	1"	25.4	35.6	200	700	200	0.73	60
006-32	1-1/4"	31.8	43.5	200	700	250	1.00	40
006-38	1-1/2"	38.1	52.0	200	800	230	1.38	40
006-50	2"	50.8	66.0	200	800	300	1.90	40
006-63	2-1/2"	63.5	79.5	200	800	380	2.50	40
006-76	3"	76.2	94.2	200	800	460	3.40	40

Reference conditions & selection notes

The slide gives working pressure 200 and burst pressure 700 or 800 without pressure units. These numbers are retained without conversion or an assumed bar/psi rating.
Minimum bend radius and fixed length are model-specific. Connector type, hose material and cooling-medium compatibility are selected for the assembly.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 10

Customized Cold Plate

Liquid Cooling Plate

Thermal grease is applied between the liquid cooling plate and the chip to conduct heat into the cold plate, which is then carried away by flowing liquid. The cold plate is used for CPUs, GPUs, memory modules and other components.

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Internal channels dissipate heat from chips through circulating liquid
Customizable shape and dimensions
Strict sealing, corrosion resistance and anti-leakage design
High heat dissipation power
Good temperature uniformity
Low thermal resistance and low flow resistance
Thermal simulation locates CPU and GPU heat sources to optimize channel design

Custom cold-plate design inputs
Item	Source description
Target components	CPU, GPU, memory modules and other components
Heat transfer	Thermal grease transfers chip heat to the cold plate; circulating liquid removes it
Construction	Internal coolant channels; customizable plate shape and dimensions
Design criteria	Sealing, corrosion resistance, leakage prevention, temperature uniformity, thermal resistance and flow resistance
Simulation	CPU/GPU heat-source location used to optimize channel design

Reference conditions & selection notes

This is a customized product. The source supplies no fixed model dimensions, flow rate, pressure or model-specific heat rating.
The slide describes potential PUE and energy-use reductions, without a cold-plate-specific test condition or quantified rating.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 10

YW-BYC-120

YW-BYC-120 Liquid Make-up Cart

This equipment is mainly used for constant-pressure liquid make-up in heat-dissipating cabinet systems, or for refilling liquid into make-up tanks and other containers that require liquid supplementation.

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Product features

Simple operation for efficient liquid replenishment
Large-capacity water tank for multiple refills
Flow switch for high reliability
Long-distance liquid replenishment
Bottom caster design
Suitable for high-flow rapid replenishment and ultra-low-flow daily replenishment
Simple and efficient operating interface; caster-equipped base with structural strength.

YW-BYC-120 make-up cart specifications
Parameter	YW-BYC-120
Power supply type	220VAC /1Ph50-60Hz
Rated current	2.6A
Maximum power	450W
Reserved wire length	≥10m
Wiring method	IEC C13
Rated capacity	100L
Maximum make-up flow rate	≥50L/min
Applicable working fluid types	Propylene glycol solution / Ethylene glycol solution / Water + additives
Filter screen filtration precision	100 mesh

Reference conditions & selection notes

YW-BYC-120 is the source model designation; the table gives rated tank capacity 100 L. The model suffix is not substituted for the tank rating.
The source states maximum make-up flow ≥50 L/min. Reserved cable length ≥10 m and IEC C13 wiring are included in the table.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 11

YW-JFZ-30

YW-JFZ-30 Liquid Cooling Dummy Load

The liquid cooling dummy load simulates real electrical heating conditions. It can accurately simulate loads, and multi-level combinations can simulate different server heating states. It is used in data centers and communication rooms to test refrigeration-system performance and ensure stable equipment operation.

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Product features

Temperature-limited heating and over-pressure difference protection shutoff
Sanitary-grade pipelines with high-precision filtration
Accurate simulation of server flow resistance
Adjustable power and adaptable electrical interfaces
HMI displaying real-time operating parameters
Leakage detection
Water leakage, electric leakage, overtemperature, grounding and overpressure protection
Sealed without PTFE tape or sealant.
Overtemperature alarm at 80°C; electric-leakage protection to prevent short circuits.

YW-JFZ-30 dummy-load specifications
Parameter	YW-JFZ-30
Rated heat exchange power	30KW
Power supply	220VAC /1Ph50-60Hz
Withstand pressure	10bar
Air tightness	No leakage for 2 hours at 1.2MPa
Insulation class	Class F
Inlet liquid temperature range	5℃-75℃
Dimensions	483x262x827mm

Reference conditions & selection notes

The source distinguishes 10 bar withstand pressure from the air-tightness test: no leakage for 2 hours at 1.2 MPa.
The inlet-fluid range is 5–75°C; the safety description separately gives an 80°C overtemperature alarm.

Liquid Cooling Manual, p. 11

Open / Closed Type

Cooling Tower

Open or closed cooling towers use evaporative cooling to reject heat relative to the outdoor wet-bulb temperature. The source gives a 2–3°C approach, 27°C cooling water at 35°C dry-bulb / 24°C wet-bulb conditions, and 34.5°C cooling water at a 31.5°C wet-bulb condition. It cites secondary supply ≤36°C and 20 W/kW power per unit heat exchange for that example. Annual free-cooling suitability depends on local weather and the server liquid-temperature limit.

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Features & technical specifications4 specification tables

Primary-side cold-source selection
Climate / cooling requirement	Water availability	Recommended cold source
Low ambient temperature; year-round free cooling possible	Abundant	Closed or open cooling tower
Low ambient temperature; year-round free cooling possible	Scarce	Dry cooler
High ambient temperature; mechanical-cooling backup needed	Abundant	Chiller + cooling tower + plate heat exchanger
High ambient temperature; mechanical-cooling backup needed	Scarce	Air-cooled chiller

Primary / secondary temperature design guidance
Design parameter	Primary side	Secondary side
Supply temperature	Recommended ≤35°C, considering local weather and required secondary supply; W45 or W+ allowed where cooling requirements permit	Recommended 40–48°C for energy efficiency; temperature and flow must meet liquid-cooled component requirements
Supply / return temperature difference	6–10°C; ideal 8–10°C	5–10°C; recommended ideal 6–8°C

Closed tower and evaporative dry cooler comparison
Comparison item	Closed cooling tower	Evaporative dry cooler
Energy efficiency	Relatively superior	Relatively inferior
Footprint	Small	Large
Cost	Low	High
Annual water consumption	Approximately 1.8–2.0 L/(kW·h)	<0.5 L/(kW·h); varies by city
Peak 12-hour water usage	Relatively high	Relatively low
Suitable regions	Abundant water resources	Water-scarce regions; strict WUE limits
Year-round waterless operation	Not possible	Not possible; water needed during high outdoor temperatures, waterless operation possible at other times

Cooling-tower source operating example
Parameter	Source value
Type	Open or closed
Heat-rejection basis	Evaporative / wet bulb
Approach Δt	2–3°C
Reference ambient dry bulb / wet bulb	35°C / 24°C
Reference cooling-water temperature	27°C
High wet-bulb example	31.5°C
Cooling water at high wet bulb	34.5°C
Supported secondary liquid supply in example	≤36°C
Power per unit heat exchange	20 W/kW

Reference conditions & selection notes

Weather and water-temperature figures are source design examples, not universal performance guarantees. The secondary ≤36°C example on slide 21 differs from the 40–48°C efficiency guidance on slide 22 and applies to a different design discussion.
The water-use comparison on slide 23 specifically names closed cooling towers; its values are not assigned to every open tower.
W45 and W+ are retained as source designations; the presentation does not define those temperature classes further.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 21–23

Dry Cooler

Evaporative Dry Cooler

The dry cooler is intended for projects requiring year-round water conservation. It uses air-cooled, dry-bulb heat dissipation with a typical temperature difference of 7–8°C. At a fresh-air dry-bulb temperature of 28°C, the cooling-water outlet temperature is 35°C. Wet-film evaporative cooling is required during high-temperature periods to meet annual free-cooling requirements.

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Features & technical specifications4 specification tables

Primary-side cold-source selection
Climate / cooling requirement	Water availability	Recommended cold source
Low ambient temperature; year-round free cooling possible	Abundant	Closed or open cooling tower
Low ambient temperature; year-round free cooling possible	Scarce	Dry cooler
High ambient temperature; mechanical-cooling backup needed	Abundant	Chiller + cooling tower + plate heat exchanger
High ambient temperature; mechanical-cooling backup needed	Scarce	Air-cooled chiller

Primary / secondary temperature design guidance
Design parameter	Primary side	Secondary side
Supply temperature	Recommended ≤35°C, considering local weather and required secondary supply; W45 or W+ allowed where cooling requirements permit	Recommended 40–48°C for energy efficiency; temperature and flow must meet liquid-cooled component requirements
Supply / return temperature difference	6–10°C; ideal 8–10°C	5–10°C; recommended ideal 6–8°C

Closed tower and evaporative dry cooler comparison
Comparison item	Closed cooling tower	Evaporative dry cooler
Energy efficiency	Relatively superior	Relatively inferior
Footprint	Small	Large
Cost	Low	High
Annual water consumption	Approximately 1.8–2.0 L/(kW·h)	<0.5 L/(kW·h); varies by city
Peak 12-hour water usage	Relatively high	Relatively low
Suitable regions	Abundant water resources	Water-scarce regions; strict WUE limits
Year-round waterless operation	Not possible	Not possible; water needed during high outdoor temperatures, waterless operation possible at other times

Dry-cooler source operating example
Parameter	Source value
Heat-rejection basis	Air-cooled / dry bulb
Typical approach Δt	7–8°C
Fresh-air dry-bulb example	28°C
Cooling-water outlet example	35°C
Year-round free-cooling design consideration	Outlet water no higher than 35°C
High-temperature operation	Fresh-air-side wet-film evaporative cooling required in source example

Reference conditions & selection notes

This source describes an evaporatively assisted dry cooler. It conserves water but is not waterless throughout the year; evaporative assistance requires water during hot weather.
Outlet temperature, annual water use and need for mechanical backup depend on local meteorology and operating conditions.
W45 and W+ are source designations; the source does not define them further.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 21–23

Liquid Cooling Temperature Control Unit

ACM-CDU

The liquid cooling CDU equipment is composed of a plate heat exchanger, secondary solution pump with variable-frequency control, regulating electric valve, expansion tank, frame and pipelines. It provides temperature control, flow control and integrated system control. The system uses a standard cabinet frame with stainless steel pipelines.

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Product features

Common secondary solution supply temperature no higher than 40°C
Single-unit capacity from 120 kW to 300 kW depending on temperature conditions
Customizable 800 × 1200 × 2000 mm, 1000 × 1200 × 2000 mm and other sizes
Variable-frequency all-stainless secondary circulation pump
Deionized water and glycol aqueous solutions supported
Typical secondary available pressure reserve of 100 kPa

ACM-CDU heat-transfer duty points
Cabinet W × D × H (mm)	Secondary inlet / outlet temperature difference	Primary / secondary heat-transfer temperature difference	Approximate heat-transfer capacity
600 × 1200 × 2000	≥10°C	≥5°C	300 kW
600 × 1200 × 2000	8–10°C	≥5°C	240 kW
600 × 1200 × 2000	5°C	≥5°C	150 kW

ACM-CDU configuration and engineering guidance
Parameter	Source description
Components	Plate heat exchanger, variable-frequency secondary solution pump, regulating electric valve, expansion tank, frame and pipelines
Functions	Temperature control, flow control and integrated system control
Cabinet construction	Standard cabinet frame; stainless-steel pipelines
Recommended exchanger / pump arrangement	Single plate heat exchanger and single pump
Common secondary supply temperature	≤40°C
Single-unit capacity discussion	120–300 kW, dependent on log mean heat-transfer and supply / return temperature differences
Custom cabinet dimensions (mm)	800 × 1200 × 2000; 1000 × 1200 × 2000; other sizes
Theoretical primary / secondary heat-transfer difference	Within 2°C
Secondary circulation pump	Typically one, all stainless steel, variable frequency
Plate heat exchanger	Stainless steel; common heat-transfer difference 5–8°C affects equipment dimensions
Secondary fluid	Typically deionized water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution or propylene glycol aqueous solution
Common secondary fluid temperature difference	10°C; permits a smaller pump and lower power consumption
Secondary available pressure	Typically 100 kPa reserved; linked to server internal pressure drop

Reference conditions & selection notes

Heat-transfer capacities are approximate source values at stated temperature differences. The 120–300 kW range is not a single unconditional rating.
The stated 2°C heat-transfer difference is theoretical; the same source gives a common plate-exchanger difference of 5–8°C.
Slide 25 states PUE ≤1.13 for the illustrated ACM system including CDU, MDU and secondary loop network. It is a system claim without a defined climate or load test, not an individual CDU rating.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 24–27

Rack-Level Liquid Supply Distribution

ACM-MDU

ACM-MDU is rack-level liquid supply distribution equipment in the cold-plate liquid cooling system. Together with the CDU and secondary loop network, the system uses all-stainless-steel construction.

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ACM-MDU system role
Parameter	Source description
Function	Cold-plate liquid-cooling distribution; rack-level liquid-supply distribution
System equipment	Outdoor natural cold source (dry cooler or cooling tower), ACM-CDU, ACM-MDU and secondary-side prefabricated pipe network
Construction	CDU, MDU and secondary loop network described as all stainless steel
Source system PUE claim	≤1.13

Reference conditions & selection notes

PUE ≤1.13 belongs to the illustrated whole ACM system on slide 25, not the MDU alone. No climate, load or test boundary is specified.
The source contains no ACM-MDU model-specific flow, pressure, dimension or cooling-capacity matrix. Manifold design examples on slides 29–30 are retained on the manifold article without assigning them as ACM-MDU product ratings.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 24–25

Prefabricated Stainless-steel Pipe Network

Secondary-side Prefabricated Pipe Network

The secondary-side prefabricated pipe network uses stainless steel pipes and valves with quick sanitary clamp connections. Its economical, low-resistance design is tailored to each project and includes pressure-drop simulation testing under business-load and partial-fault conditions.

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Factory prefabrication and forming
Factory pressure-holding leak test and weld inspection
Disassembly and numbering after testing
Ultrasonic cleaning
Acid pickling and passivation of welding oxide scale
Electrical conductivity no higher than 10 μS/cm after cleaning
Pure-water circulating flushing
Water-quality inspection and drying
Clean pipe spools are sealed for transport after disassembly and ultrasonic cleaning.

Factory prefabrication of secondary-side distribution pipework.

Factory preparation and cleanliness requirements
Stage	Source requirement
Design	Stainless-steel pipes and valves with quick sanitary clamp connections; project-specific economical, low-resistance design
Simulation	Pressure-drop testing under business load and partial-fault conditions
Prefabrication	Factory forming and prefabrication
Inspection	Factory pressure-holding leak test and weld inspection
Identification	Disassemble and number pipe spools after testing
Ultrasonic cleaning	Clean after disassembly; seal cleaned spools with cling film for transport
Pickling / passivation	Strict removal of welding oxide scale
After pickling / passivation cleaning	Electrical conductivity ≤10 μS/cm; dry afterward
Circulating flush	Pure water with electrical conductivity ≤10 μS/cm
Final inspection	Inspect water quality after cleaning; dry pipework

Reference conditions & selection notes

Conductivity ≤10 μS/cm is the stated post-cleaning / flushing requirement. It is not declared as the universal operating-coolant conductivity limit.
Pipe sizing and pressure-drop validation depend on the project layout, server resistance, operating load and partial-fault cases.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 31–32

System integration and controls

Liquid Cooling Temperature Control System

The temperature-control system connects the external cold source, primary-side pipework, CDU and controls, secondary-side pipework and server distribution. The distributed cold-plate arrangement includes a cold source, rack-mounted CDU, primary-side pipelines, cooling medium, liquid-cooled cabinet, liquid distributor, fluid connectors, cold plates, hydraulic hose assemblies and liquid-cooled backplanes. Immersion systems add a tank or cabinet, fluid replenishment and solution recovery. Selection starts with the server heat load, required inlet-fluid conditions and permitted pressure drop.

How it works

In a cold-plate circuit, the circulating pump supplies cooled secondary fluid to the server cold plates. The coolant absorbs component heat and returns through the distribution unit and secondary pipework to the CDU plate heat exchanger. The primary circuit transfers that heat to a cooling tower, dry cooler or chiller. The air-cooling channel removes remaining server heat through IDEC, DPC, a coil air wall, a liquid-cooled door or another suitable air system. In immersion cooling, the source distinguishes single-phase and phase-change server/tank arrangements.

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Product features

Temperature-control functional tests include supply-liquid temperature, differential pressure and temperature regulation.
Dual-pump switching, make-up pump start/stop and circulation-pump operation control.
Automatic fluid make-up, liquid-leakage detection and anti-condensation control.
Manual control; automatic restart after power recovery; dual-power-supply switching.
Conductivity alarm setpoint configuration.
Main-loop supply / return differential-pressure control.
Main-loop supply-liquid temperature control.
Control based on the hydraulically most unfavorable loop.

Cold source and CDU heat-exchange circuit, with cold-plate and immersion heat-removal paths.

Liquid-cooling technology routes
Heat-transfer route	Technology	Source-described equipment arrangement
Indirect	Cold-plate liquid cooling	Rack-mounted, cabinet-mounted or large CDU; air/liquid or liquid/liquid heat exchange as illustrated
Direct	Spray liquid cooling	Direct liquid-cooling route in source roadmap
Direct	Single-phase immersion liquid cooling	Immersion tank; liquid/liquid heat exchange
Direct	Phase-change immersion liquid cooling	Phase-change immersion tank; liquid/liquid heat exchange

Temperature-control product coverage
No.	Category	Source-defined equipment
1	Cold source	Abundant water: cooling tower; scarce water: evaporative dry cooler; special scenarios: chiller
2	Primary-side pipeline	Primary-side pipeline and construction
3	CDU	CDU and control system
4	Secondary-side pipeline	Secondary-side pipeline and construction
5	Distribution	Manifold
6	Immersion	Immersion tank

Server-side design information required
Design input	Source requirement
Heat load	Server power and proportion of heat removed by liquid cooling
Liquid temperature	Required inlet temperature and permitted temperature range
Wetted connections	Material requirements for inlet / outlet connections
Hydraulics	Internal server pressure drop, pressure-bearing capacity and inlet flow
External connection	Interface specification and model
Air channel	Server air inlet and outlet temperatures

Cold-plate and immersion system scope
Architecture	Source equipment scope
Cold plate	Dry / evaporative full free-cooling cold source; centralized / distributed temperature-control unit; prefabricated clean network and distribution unit; standard liquid-cooled cabinet with intelligent control
Immersion	Dry / evaporative full free-cooling cold source; centralized / distributed temperature-control unit; immersion tank / cabinet and prefabricated pipe network; fluid replenishment, solution recovery and intelligent control

Combined air and liquid heat-removal architecture
Channel	Source-described share of server heat	Cooling arrangement
Liquid	50–90%	Direct CPU liquid cooling; source describes liquid-cooled servers with built-in heat-pipe heat-exchange modules
Air	10–50%	IDEC, DPC, coil air wall, liquid-cooled door or other air-side technology; chilled-water or refrigerant-based cold source

Air-side integration options
Cold-plate combination	Air-side cold source / condition
Coil air wall	Chilled water or refrigerant-based system
IDEC	Shown as a combined architecture; source slide supplies no individual performance rating
Liquid-cooled rear door	Chilled water; high-temperature water possible if cabinet permits high-temperature inlet air
Terminator air wall	Chilled water or refrigerant-based system
All-liquid extension	Source states compressor mechanical refrigeration may be avoided; depends on permissible inlet conditions and cold source

Distributed cold-plate source performance statements
Item	Source statement (slide 1)
Single-point heat dissipation	Exceeds 700 W
Cabinet density	Can increase by 50%
PUE	<1.1
Reliability design	N+1; three-level anti-leakage design; liquid separated from electronic components
Chip temperature comparison	20–30°C below the cited air-cooling comparison; source describes longer equipment life and support for overclocking
Noise comparison	More than 30 dB reduction versus the cited air-cooled comparison
Deployment	Factory manufacturing, assembly and testing; on-site pipeline/cable connections; modular deployment

Technology overview reference statements
Item	Source reference statement (image-only slide 13)
Liquid volumetric heat capacity relative to air	1000–3500 times
Thermal conductivity relative to air	20–30 times
Precision cooling	Component-level cooling
PUE reference range	1.05–1.2
Noise reference	As low as 50 dB with no compressor and no or low-speed fans
Space reference	50–80% space savings through increased cabinet density
Technology distinction	Indirect cold-plate cooling; direct single-phase or phase-change immersion cooling

Third-party cold-plate schematic reference
Parameter	Sugon reference illustration (image-only slide 14)
Server / internal-circuit supply water	40–55°C
Server / internal-circuit return water	50–65°C
Outer-circuit supply water	35–50°C
Outer-circuit return water	45–60°C
Liquid-section PUE reference	<1.1
Air / liquid hybrid PUE reference	<1.2
Reference flow path	Cold plates → horizontal distribution manifold → vertical distribution manifold (VCDU) → CDU heat exchanger / pump → closed cooling tower (compressor-free in schematic)

Control functions and granularity
Category	Source function
Functional tests	Supply-fluid temperature, differential pressure and temperature-regulation test
Pump functions	Dual-pump changeover, make-up pump start / stop, circulation-pump operation
Fluid protection	Automatic make-up, leakage detection, anti-condensation
Operating modes	Manual operation and auto-restart after power recovery
Power	Dual-power-supply changeover
Water quality	Conductivity alarm setpoint
Loop control	Supply / return differential pressure in main loop
Temperature control	Main-loop supply-fluid temperature
Hydraulic coverage	Most unfavorable loop control

Applications

Cold-plate liquid-cooled data centers · Immersion liquid-cooled data centers · Retrofits requiring a combined air and liquid heat-removal architecture · Intelligent computing and AI clusters · Retrofitted data centers with increased capacity · Small-scale computing centers and small computer rooms · Small and micro AI training clusters · High-power-density equipment and research laboratories

Reference conditions & selection notes

Image-only slides 13 and 14 contain technical content. Slide 14 is explicitly a Sugon reference schematic; its temperatures and PUE values are not Cooltechx product ratings or promises.
The slide 1 distributed-system claims (>700 W per point, PUE <1.1, +50% cabinet density, 20–30°C chip-temperature reduction and >30 dB noise reduction) lack a defined test boundary in the source. They are reference statements requiring project confirmation; the source phrase near-zero leakage risk is a design claim rather than a quantified guarantee.
Slide 13 claims broad year-round natural cooling and cites PUE 1.05–1.2, 50 dB noise and 50–80% space savings without fluid, climate or load conditions. These are technology-overview examples, not universal outcomes.
PUE values have different source scopes: distributed cold plate <1.1 on slide 1; overview 1.05–1.2 on slide 13; Sugon liquid section <1.1 and hybrid <1.2 on slide 14; ACM system ≤1.13 on slide 25. They must not be combined into one guaranteed rating.
The liquid share of 50–90% and air share of 10–50% are architectural guidance; select the heat split from the actual server. The server inlet temperature, pressure and material requirements govern the final design.
The source uses the term heat-pipe heat-exchange modules on slide 18; it is retained as source wording and does not establish the construction of every compatible server.
The source overview names free-cooling cold sources for cold-plate and immersion systems. Annual availability and compressor-free operation require assessment of weather, water resources, server temperature limits and the remaining air-side cooling load.

Liquid Cooling Manual, pp. 1 and 12–20, 24, 28 and 33; pp. 13–14 include reference illustrations

Equipment selection starts with your site.

Let’s define your cooling system.

Talk to an engineer

Data centercooling systems.

Temperature and airflow. Matched to the room.

Small-room Precision Air Conditioner

Product features

Applications

Medium and Large-room Precision Air Conditioner

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Air-cooled In-row Precision Air Conditioner

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Centralized Outdoor Unit

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Integrated Refrigerant Pump Centralized Outdoor Unit

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Flat Outdoor Unit

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

A complete cooling chain. Down to the cold plate.

Air and liquid work together

Define the server interface first

Row-level CDU

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Room-level CDU

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Rack-mounted Liquid-to-Liquid CDU

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Rack-mounted Air-to-Liquid CDU

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Cabinet-mounted Air-to-Liquid CDU

How it works

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Liquid-cooled Cabinet

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Manifold

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Liquid Cooling Ring Piping

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Liquid-Cooled Door

Product features

Applications

Reference conditions & selection notes

Quick Connectors

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Hydraulic Hose Assembly

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Liquid Cooling Plate

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

YW-BYC-120 Liquid Make-up Cart

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

YW-JFZ-30 Liquid Cooling Dummy Load

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Cooling Tower

Reference conditions & selection notes

Evaporative Dry Cooler

Reference conditions & selection notes

ACM-CDU

Product features

Reference conditions & selection notes

Data center
cooling systems.

Temperature and airflow.
Matched to the room.

A complete cooling chain.
Down to the cold plate.